Internal combustion engine



July 25, 1933. PfscHMALJ-OHANN I 1,919,572

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE l Filed Jan. 24. 1931 2 sheets-sheei 1 July 25, 1933. P. scHMALJoHANN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 24, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2l l/l $411,151.'. iffill/15511115Iliff/Infinitila?? ffl/11111 Patented `uly 25, v1932i UNITED STATES v "1.91am- PAIEN PAUL soHMALJoHANN, or KIEL, GERMAN-Y, Assrenon To CENTRA HAIIDELS- a y INDUSTRIE A.G., or CHUR, SWITZERLAND, A CORPORATION or sWITzERLANn fl INTERNAL COMBUSTIQN ENGINEy Application led January 24, 1921, Serial No. 511,052, and in Germany January 31, 1930;.y

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines and .more particularly in engines of the type comprising a plurality of oppositely moving pistons having a common'combustion chamber and each acting on a crank shaft, the said crank shafts being provided with additional cranks connected with each other by a frame insur-k ing rotation of all the cranks in onedirection. The'object of the improvements 1s to provide an engine ofthis type in which the said coupling frame provides a part of a certain subsidiaryA apparatus such as a fuel `pump or ascavenging pump or a fuel pump and a scavenging pump, and with this ob]ect 1n view my. inventionconsists in constructing the said frame and the frame or casing of the shafts a engine'in `the form of cooperating elements ofthe. said subsidiary apparatus. In oneV embodiment of the invention the framev provides apart of a rotary pump the stationaryV member of which is ixed to or made integral with the frame of the engine. By thus con= structing vthe pump or other apparatus speciall driving members therefor 'are dispensed with and the apparatusdoes not require room of its own in -thesystem, ybecause the inner space of the frame which otherwise is useless is used for disposing the elements of the'said apparatus. By reason of the comparatively Vlarge sizeof the said frame resultingv fromV therelative distance betweenthe main crank pump of high capacity may be pro# vided. Y p

The suction or pressure chamber provided by a member connected to orrmade integral` with the machine frame may be disposed internally ofthe lcoupling frame or externally thereof. o V

For the purpose of explaining the invention several examples embodying the same have been shown in the accompanyingdrawings in which' the same reference characters have been used in all the views toindica-te corresponding parts.,v

In said drawings,

gine taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 2is a'fsectional elevation taken'on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1,

o driving member and Flg. 1 is a sectional elevation of the en- 'FigQS isa sectional elevation of amodifed construction taken on line-3 3 of F ig.- 4,

. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation taken on line` j In Figs. land 2 I have shown a two-stroke f cycle internal Acombustion engine. But I wish it to be understood that my invention is not limited to Athis type of engines. As shown the engine comprises .three cylinders 1a, 1b, 10 disposed radially of oneanother within a 'casing 2 and yhaving` a common combustion chamber 4. Withinthe'cylindersthere are three pistons 3 connected by crank shafts 5 with-crank pins 6a, 6b, 60 of crank shafts 7c, .7c mounted in the casing 2; VThe cylinders 1b, 1c are provided with intakeor scavengingv ports 8 andthe cylinder lawith exhaust ports'9. The pistons are displaced relatively to each other so1 that thepi'stons hind the piston within the cylinder 1a,.so thatin-the operation ofthe engine at first the exhaust ports and thereafter thev scavengling ports are opened. v

v`At the end projecting through the wall 10 of the casing 2 the crank shafts 7&70 and 7c are provided each with an additional crankghaving crank pins 11a, '11b and llc disposed parallel to each' other and positive- 75 Y of the cylindersl'b and 1c slightlyv -lag bess, ly connected with each other by ak rigid frame 35 sotha't they .rotate .inthe same di-V rection; Therefore 'they forcesl of the crank f shaftsconnected with the pistons are uniformly transmitted to the shaft v11a byV which -the power ofthe engine is transmitted to a 'i driven member.

In the construction shown in Figs. l-and 2 the rigid coupling frame itselfis used asaV `a component part of-the scavenging pump.

The coupling frame is provided at its f .middle .With a largev recess providing the innerchamber of a cylinder 36,*thesaid cylindertightly bearing withone end face on lo the wall 10 of the machine frame and with the other end face on a head 37. Within the cylinder 36 a .cylindrical hollow body 38 is eccentrically mounted, which is secured by means of screws 39 to the wall l0 of the machine frame. The hollow chamber of the cylindrical body 38 is subdivided by a hollow partition 40 into two chambers 4l and 42, and within the said hollow partition 40 a slide 43 has reciprocating movement, which is connected by a cylindrical head 44 with a shoe 45 adapted to .slide on the innersurface of the cylinder 36, springs 46 being provided for pressing the shoe into engagement withthe wall of the cylinder 36.` Bythe shoe 45 and the'slide 43 the cylinder 36 is divided intotwo chambers 47 and 48, and the chamber 48 communicates with the chamber 42of the cylindrical body 38 through a passage 49, and the chamber 47 communicates through a passage 50 with the chamber 4l of the said body.y Y

- The cylinder 36, the cylindrical body 38 andthe slide 43 provide a rotary engine which is operated by the cylinder 36being rotated by means of the frame 35, and which is formed with a crescent-shaped compression chamber. The chamber 4l of the stationary body 38. communicates through a tubular stud 5l with the outer air and provides the suction chamber ofthe pump, while the chamber 42 acts as a pressure chamber and communicates with-the inner space 52 of the machine casing 2, thesaid machine casing being closed tightly as against the outer air; The inner space 52 is adaptedto communicate with thecombustion chamber y4 through the scavenging or intake ports 8 mad-e inthecylinders 1b and lc...`

If the frame 35 is rotated from the position shown in Fig. l in the direction of the arrows m the air confinedwithin the suction chamber 47 of the rotating cylinder 36 is compressed and forced through the slots 49 linto .the pressure chamber 42 of the stationv ary hollow body 38 from whence it is de- Y .tionedat the upper dead center.

vlivered-to the scavenging ports 8 ofthe cylinders. During .such rotation the cylinder l36 slides on the shoe 45.

. It appears therefore that the pump 36, 38 for scavenging is confined within the frame 35 so that separate room is not needed for the said pump. The frame 35 acts as a driving member and it provides a component part of therotary engine. By reason of the large space within the frame 35 the suction and .pressure chamber can be mad-e comparatively large, so that a large volume of air is .supplied with small air velocities. Thereby a noiseless operation of the pump is insured.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the

working chamber of the scavenging air pump is made rectangular instead .of crescent shaped. A rectangular housing 53=is lprovided on the connecting frame 35, the interior of said housing beingdivided into two chambers 55 and 56 by means of a slide 54. The slide 54 is so mounted in a guide 57 provided with openings 57, that it can take part in the upward and downward movement of the connecting frame 35, but not in the transverse movement of said connecting frame, upon the revolution of the latter about the crank pins, inthe direction of the arrow in Fig.- 5. The guide 57 is secured to the frame 2 of the machine, and thereforedoes not partake of the movement of the connecting frame 35.

The slide 54-is perforated with four types of ports. The ports 8O provide a connection of the chamber 56with an opening 8l of the machineelement 82.. The opening 8lrleads tothe chamber 452 (Fig. 2) of the machine, into which open the scavenging air slots 8 of thecylinders l and 1". In the operating position of the connecting frame 35 shown in -Figs..5 and 9, the ports 83A ofthe slide 54 provide a` connection between an opening'l 84 connnunicating with the outer airfand the chamber 55. s j y. Y f 4From the operating" positiony of the connecting frame 35 shown in Figs. 47 and 10,.

itwill be seen that the ports 85V may provide a connection to the outer air, or to theopemng 84, with the chamberg56, whereas the ports 86'serve for providing a communication between the'l chamber 55 and the opening 81er;

the yscavengingfair chamberl 52.4 The four pairs of ports 80, .83, 85and 86 are thus so controlled during the upward anddownward movement of the slide 54, by means the guides 54 or the openings 5T thereof,"`that the outer air enters through the slide into the chamber 55 or 56, when these chambers 'are servingas' suction chambers.v `When these chambers areservmg as pressure chambers,

the compressed air 'is Vconducted'out of said chambers through the slide 54 to the scavenging air slots8.

VTheseindividual steps of the operation may *be followed upon reference to Figs. 5 to'lO:

In Fig. 5 the connecting frame35 isy posi- Upon further rotation of the connecting frame `35 inthe direction shown by the arrow, aroundvvk the crankV pins illustrated, the chamber 55 is enlarged, whereas the chamber 56 decreases.

Thusin this operative position the chamber 55 1s a suction chamber, whereas the chamber 56 is a compressionv chamber. Therefore air.

isiforced into the scavengingair chamber 52 from the chamber 56 through" the two ports 80, whereas thef'chamber 55 draws outer air into itself throughthe por-ts 83,

In Fig. 6`the conn .cting frame35 has beenyA turned through 90O further,` beyondthe position shown in Fig. 5. The slide 54 has thus reached Vtheright hand. dead; center position in the housing 53,- that is, the compression chamber 56 has its minimum volume, whereas 1 the suction chamber 55 has its maximum volurne. Theslide 54'is in the inactive middle position, in which air can neither be drawny The chamber; 55 is therefore a compression chamber, whereas the chamber 56 is a suction chamber. From Fig. 5 it follows that a connection is established between the compression c'hamber 55 and the scavenging air chamber 52 by the position of the guides 57 with respect to the slide 54. On the'other hand, the suction chamber 56 is connected to the outer air. f

In accordance with Fig.-r 8 ,thel connecting frame 35 has again been shifted with respect to Fig. 7, likewise by 90 further. AThe slide 54 is located in the left hand dead center posi-Y tion. The chamber 55 thus has just terminated its action as a pressure chamber. A corresponding,condition exists as to the suction chamber 56. All the ports ofthe slide 54 are closed.

In Figs.V 3 and 4 I have shown a modification in which the hollow space of the frame 59 connecting the crank pins 11a, Il?) and 110 provides the pressure chamber 60 ,continu-` ously communicating through an opening 61 made in the wall 10 with the chamber 52 of. the-machine frame 2. The frame 59 is guided 1 in an airtight manner between the end wall l0 and the head 62 secured to and spaced from the machine frame, and the space provided between the sanie and the head 62 is divided by partitions 63 into three chambers 64, 65

and 66, which partitions are formed withy cylindrical tubular heads 67 engaging the crank pins lla, 116 and llc and are guided with their opposite ends in cylindrical guide blocks 68 rockingly mounted inl cylindrical bearings 681 made integral withthe head 62.

The head 62 is provided with openings 70 through which the sectional chambers 64, 65 and 66 are adapted to communicate within the outer air, the said openings being adapted to be closed by hinged gates or valves, 69. In a similar way the wall of the frame 59 is provided with openings 71 whichv are adapted to be closed by hinged gates or valves 72, and

which are adapted to establish communica-` Y G0 pressure is deliveredinto the chamber 60 and to the scavenging ports A8 of the cylinders. The chamber 64 acts as a suction chamber, so that the valves 69 are opened and the valves 72 closed. When further rotating the frame Y 59 the chamber 66 begins to act as a pressure e struction of its part of .theVVV pumpfor scavenging, which part communicates with the rotary frame 59.

Whilein describing the invention reference has :been made to .particular examples eni' bo'dying the'same YI wish it to be vunderstood that my invention is VVnot `limited tothe constructions shown in the drawings, and that 'various'A changes may be made in the general arrangement ofthe apparatus and the conparts without departing'from the invention- Y Y* I claim: Y y

vl. An internal combustionengine, comprising a plurality of cylinders-having a commonlcombustion chamber, pistons reciprocatingin said cylinders, crank' shafts c onnected :onewithfeach of said pistons, -1 subsidiary cranks for said crank shafts, a frame connecting said Vsubsidiary, cranks'for insursame direction, anda frame on which sai-d cylinders are mounted, said framesbeing provided with a bore for providing an auxiliary vingrotatio'n of all the crank shafts in the 'l cylinder'and a pistoncooperating therewithV .Y

vand being equipped with means controlling the intake and delivery of fluid'to and from said auxiliary cylinderand piston.

2. An internal combustion engine,com prlsmg a plurality of cylinders having a common combustion chamber, Vpistons reciprocating invsaid cylinders', crank shafts con-Vv `-nected one with each ofsaid piston's, 'sub sidiary cranks for said crank shafts,'a frame connecting saidV subsidiary cranks for insuring rotation of all the crank shafts in the same direction, and aframe on which said cylindersare mounted; said frames being providedwith a bore and aV piston to'V constitute the cylinder Vand piston of an auxiliary. V

rotary fluid pump and being provided with means controlling the intake and delivery of fluid to and from said cylinder and piston.

3'. An internal combustion engine, comprising a plurality of cylindershaving a common combustion chamber, pistons reciprocating in saidcyli'nders, crank'shafts considiary cranks for said crank shafts, a frame connecting said subsidiary cranks for in's'uring rotation of all the crank shafts-in the same direction, and a frame on whichsaid cylinders are mounted,said frames-being formed respectively with a stationary and a. movablev cylinder'disposed eccentrically one within the other to vprovide a rotary pump having a crescent-shaped chamber, a parti' tion dividing said chambers into sectional chambers, and .ports controllingthe intake and delivery of the fluid into and from said sectional chambers. v

4. Aninternal combustion engine, com- `f1l5 nected onewith eachofy said pistons,"sub v120 tion between said suction and pressure chainbers Within the slide and said chambers Within the rectangular casing. c g

5. An internal combustion engine, comprising acasing, a plurality of cylinders Within said casing havinga common combustion chamber,pistons reciprocating Within y the said cylinders, crank shafts connectedone with' each of said pistons, subsidiary cranks foreach of said crank shafts, a frame Within said casing and connected With .said subsidiary crank shafts, said casing and frame providing a chamber, and partitions movable with said iframev and dividingsaid chamber intosectional chambers,said casing and frame being provided With openings and valves controlling the intake to and delivery .1170 from said sectional chambers. V6. An internal combustion engine, comprising` a casing, cylinders Within .said casing having a common combustion chamber and having intake ports adapted to estab- 75 lish communication between said casing and combustion chamber,A pistons reciprocating Within said cylinders and controlling said intake ports, crank shafts connected one with each of said pistons,'a frame connecting said Q0 crank shafts and' insuring rotation'thereof d in one direction, `cylinders connected respectivelyivith said casing and said frame and disposed eccentrically one Within the other to provide a Workingchamber, a partition Y `dividing); said working chamber into sectional chambers, and slots adapted alternately to establish communication :between said sectional chambers *andv said casing.VV

,PA-UL soHMALJoHANN.

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